Use pdf export for high quality prints and svg export for large sharp images or embed your diagrams anywhere with the creately viewer. Only in 50% of the cases does the specific etiologic agent become identified. Pathophysiology of pneumonia and community acquired pneumonia. Airborne droplets organisms bacterial, viral streptococcus pneumonia that contracted by breathing invasion of infection to enters nasal passage, the blood vessels in the pharynx, larynx and lung causing wbc and trachea. This article covers community acquired pneumonia cap. Causative germs and treatment may differ depending on whether you have communityacquired pneumonia cap, hospitalacquired pneumonia, or health careassociated pneumonia. Recognize the entity known as community acquired pneumonia cap appreciate the spectrum of pneumonia clinical presentation. Its important for you to understand the pathophysiology of pneumonia, its signs and symptoms, what you need to assess for, and what nursing interventions youll need to do for it. The most common cause of community acquired pneumonia is the pneumococcus streptococcus pneumoniae.
Many patient and diseasespecific factors contribute to the pathophysiology of hap, particularly in the surgical population. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by a variety of different pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria. Communityacquired pneumonia pathophysiology free download as word doc. Baixe no formato docx, pdf, txt ou leia online no scribd. Pneumonia management and prevention guidelines cdc. Pathophysiology of common respiratory disorders lois e brenneman, msn, anp, fnp, c respiratory infections influenza influenza remains in top 10 causes of death in us. Pcap often causes problems like difficulty in breathing, fever, chest pain. Communityacquired pneumonia pdf books library land. Community acquired pneumonia is defined as pneumonia that is acquired outside the hospital. Norc would like to thank the agency for healthcare research and quality ahrq for funding this study to improve patient safety in ambulatory care settings through the development and implementation of clinical decision support alerts for communityacquired. Learn pneumonia pathophysiology with free interactive flashcards. This type of pneumonia is found in people who have not recently been in the hospital or another health care facility such as a nursing home or rehab facility. The incidence is age related, peaking over 65 years.
Pneumonia is defined as acute infection of the alveoli and the surrounding tissues that is life threatening to most of the population. Pathophysiology pathophysiology of community acquired pneumonia precipitating factor 1. The causes of pneumonia are numerous therefore it is almost always. The management of community acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age pdf.
Communityacquired pneumonia cap is the most common infectious disease cause of death. Case study report clinical decision support for community. Cap occurs either in the community setting or within the first 48 hours after hospitalization. Antibiotic protocol for empiric therapy of community.
Communityacquired pneumonia pulmonary disorders msd. Pathophysiology diagram of congestive heart failure. Rao md pneumonia definition pneumonia is an abnormal inflammat ory condition of the lung. Despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and access to sophisticated intensive care facilities, bacterial communityacquired pneumonia cap continues to carry an unacceptably high mortality rate of 10% to 15% in hospitalized cases. Classification of the clinical course for patients with community acquired pneumonia during the first 7 days of hospitalization. Inhalation of infectious particles is probably the most important pathogenetic mechanism in the development of communityacquired pneumonia. As already mentioned, pneumonia develops as a result of inflammation of the alveolar space. Communityacquired pneumonia causes great mortality and morbidity and high costs worldwide. Lipsett, mdb, pneumonia is one of the most common nosocomial infections occurring in hospitalized patients. Pneumonia is most often caused by an infection, and a wide variety of microbes can infect the lungs. It is almost always responsive to appropriate antibiotics. Furthermore, when a threedrug regimen is changed to a singledrug. Communityacquired pneumonia was featured in seminars in the lancet in 19981 and 2003. Viral etiology cold, dry weather and crowding favors spread virus replicates exponentially wi respiratory tract.
When the infection is acquired outside a hospital, due to contact with an infected individual, one is diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia. Symptoms and signs are fever, cough, sputum production, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea. We summarize recent findings regarding the epidemiology of cap in adults, efficacy of vaccines against streptococcus pneumoniae, diagnostics, and discuss the current controversy between cap and healthcareassociated pneumonia hcap. Community acquired pneumonia infectious disease and. What pathophysiology of pneumonia in diagram form does to the lungs and gas exchange effects.
Community acquired pneumonia hospital acquired pneumonia health care associated pneumonia atypical pneumonia common pathogens bacterial pathogens viral pathogens conclusion chapter 2. What is the pathophysiology of bacterial pneumonia. Communityacquired pneumonia is responsible for great mortality and morbidity and high costs. Causes, symptoms, treatment, preventive measures, and prognosis differ depending on whether the infection is bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, fungal, or. Define pneumonia and types of lower respiratory tract infections. Communityacquired pneumonia cap is defined as an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in a patient who has acquired the infection in the community and has not had recent hospitalization or association with other healthcare facilities such as nursing homes, dialysis centers, and outpatient clinics.
Empirical selection of antibiotic treatment is the cornerstone of management of patients with pneumonia. Pneumonia is a common medsurg nursing disorder that you must know about in nursing school. Communityacquired pneumonia msd manual professional edition. You may complete the case study below and the quiz on carmen by yourself or with your peers.
Patients with community acquired pneumonia often present with cough, fever, chills, fatigue, dyspnea, rigors, and pleuritic chest pain. Streptococcus pneumonia is the most frequent cause of community acquired pneumonia while pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen found in hospital acquired pneumonia occurrences. Therefore because pneumonia is caused when certain bacteria and virus gain entry in to the body system and especially the respiratory system how the body reacts afterwards is what is termed as pathophysiology of pneumonia. Pneumonia is acute inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and microbiology of communityacquired pneumonia in adults. Norc would like to thank the agency for healthcare research and quality ahrq for funding this study to improve patient safety in ambulatory care settings through the development and implementation of clinical decision support alerts for community acquired. Communityacquired pneumonia pathophysiology scribd. Nursing 704c pathophysiology of altered health states ii.
Community acquired pneumonia, a case study free download as word. Many times pneumonia is due to bacteria, but it can also result from viruses, fungi, and other microbes. Community acquired pneumonia cap is defined as pneumonia acquired outside of hospital or healthcare facilities. Community acquired pneumonia patho pneumonia lung scribd. Communityacquired pneumonia the medical journal of. Hospital acquired pneumonia hap is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infection, morbidity, and mortality in hospitalized patients. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and microbiology of.
This guideline covers diagnosing and managing community and hospital acquired pneumonia in adults. The causative agents for cap that needs hospitalization include streptococcus pneumoniae, h. Download as doc, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community acquired pneumonia. It could be considered nosocomial or hospital acquired if its onset occurs 48 hours or more after hospital admission.
Overview of pneumonia merck manuals professional edition. The alveoli are responsible for gas exchange, and any kind of inflammation in alveolar space compromises this process. Newer definitions have to consider worsening of oxygenation, in addition to purulent respiratory secretions, chestx rays opacities, and biomarkers of inflammation. Pathophysiology of pneumonia in ed rello j, nosocomial pneumonia. It is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung that is, the alveoli and abn ormal alveolar filling with fluid consolidation and exudation community acquired pneumonia definition. An infectious diseases consult is recommended when dealing with complicated or immunocompromised patients e. Elderly persons are at increased risk of infection and complications in viral pneumonia because of comorbidities.
Most community acquired pneumonia cap are bacterial in origin and often follow brief viral upper respiratory tract infection. Community acquired pneumonia patho free download as word doc. Airway colonization, ventilatorassociated tracheobronchitis vat, and hospital acquired hap and ventilatorassociated pneumonia vap are three manifestations having the presence of microorganisms in airways in common. Bacterial dysentery is serious and can be life threatening. Recognize the epidemiology and morbidity of pneumonia. Pathophysiology of pneumonia respiratory tract disorders.
Communityacquired pneumonia is defined as pneumonia that is acquired outside the hospital. The alveoli are tiny sacs in human lungs, filled with air. On the basis of anatomy, pneumonia is classified into lobar. Communityacquired pneumonia an overview sciencedirect. It affects all ages of both sexes, especially the immunocompromised, chronically ill and aged clients. Communityacquired pneumonia symptoms, diagnosis and. Abstract despite improvements in the clinical management of patients with community acquired pneumonia. Pathophysiology of pneumonia editable flowchart template. S46, with additional informa tion from references 9 through 11. The cost of treating hcap is highly variable, depending on the agent chosen. Community acquired pneumonia cap is the most common infectious disease cause of death. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and microbiology of communityacquired pneumonia.
In upright position lower lobes are best ventilated therefore deposition of inhaled micro organisms is higher in these lobes. Clinical decision support for community acquired pneumonia. Pathophysiology of pneumonia nurseonlineph november. It is estimated that 4 million cases of community acquired pneumonia occur annually in the united states, of which. Read pneumonia books like welcome to paradise, now go to hell and necropsy killer whale kenau and fetus for free with a free 30day trial. Pathophysiology diagram pneumonia free download as word. Pneumonia causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology. Understand features involved in the pathophysiology of pneumonia. Creately diagrams can be exported and added to word, ppt powerpoint, excel, visio or any other document.
Choose from 249 different sets of pneumonia pathophysiology etiology flashcards on quizlet. Pathophysiology of common respiratory disorders lois e brenneman, msn, anp, fnp, c. Community acquired pneumonia cap is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The initial choice of antibiotic is made empirically. Choose from 98 different sets of pneumonia pathophysiology flashcards on quizlet. Antibiotic protocol for empiric therapy of community acquired pneumonia cap this pathway is to be used in adult age 18 years patients only. Pneumonia physiology and pathophysiology normal lung structure and function pathophysiology of pneumonia conclusion chapter 3. Community acquired pneumonia, a case study free download as. To reduce the misuse of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, and sideeffects, an empirical, effective, and individualised antibiotic treatment is needed.
It would present with persistent diarrhea, sometimes bloody. Community acquired pneumonia cap remains the main cause of death from infectious disease globally and is associated with considerable impact on morbidity and mortality especially in the elderly. Pneumonia pathophysiology 2018 nursing school of success. Cap, considered by many to be the most underestimated disease worldwide, poses a particular threat to the elderly whose numbers are steadily increasing in. Doctor answers on symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more. Pathophysiology of dysentery what you need to know. Viral etiology cold, dry weather and crowding favors spread. Pneumonia that developsoutside the hospital setting is commonly referred to as community acquired pneumonia. Here you can download file pathophysiology of pneumonia.
Aspiration pneumonia occurs due to the aspiration of a foreign object or the contents of the stomach into the lower respiratory tract. Learn pneumonia pathophysiology etiology with free interactive flashcards. Community acquired pneumonia cap is commonly defined as an acute infection of the lower respiratory tract occurring in a patient who has not resided in a hospital or healthcare facility in the previous 14 days. It is the 6 th most common cause of death in general and the most fatal of all infectious diseases acquired in the hospital setting. Hospital acquired pneumonia hap is pneumonia that occurs more than 48 hours after admission1 and without any antecedent signs of. Pathophysiology of pneumonia online diagram software to. Waning cellular, humoral, and innate immune functioning may impair viral clearance, which allows spread of the virus to the lower respiratory tract resulting in increased inflammation. Inflammation and consolidation of the lung tissue as a result of infection, inhalation of foreign particles, or irradiation. Communityacquired pneumonia cap is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, with an annual incidence ranking from. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and microbiology of community. Community acquired used to describe infections found in the community rather than the hospitalnursing home. Pneumonia is a breathing respiratory condition in which there is an infection of the lung. Pathophysiology of pneumonia free download as word doc. Communityacquired pneumonia cap remains the main cause of death from infectious disease globally and is associated with considerable impact on morbidity and mortality especially in the elderly.
Before antibiotics, pneumonia was the thirdleading cause of death in the country, as this cover of a 1937 u. Download as docx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Despite a broad armamentarium of antimicrobials available to treat the disease, pneumonia remains the seventh leading cause of death in the united states. The most commonly identified pathogens are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, atypical bacteria ie, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella species, and viruses. You can edit this template and create your own diagram.
Join our community just now to flow with the file pathophysiology of pneumonia and make our shared file collection even more complete and exciting. Initial diagnosis is usually based on chest xray and clinical findings. Defined as an infection that begins outside the hospital or is diagnosed 48 hours after admission to the hospital in a person who has not resided in a long term facility for 14 days or more before admission. Community acquired pneumonia cap is defined as an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in a patient who has acquired the infection in the community, as distinguished from hospital acquired nosocomial pneumonia hap. Community acquired pneumonia free download as powerpoint presentation. Correlation of microbiologic response with clinical response and radiographic response in patients with community acquired pneumonia figure 16.
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